Paul Preaching to Pagan Gentiles

Audience and Context 

Acts 14:8-20  Lystra Acts 17:16-34  Athens
8 And in Lystra a certain man without strength in his feet was sitting, a cripple from his mother's womb, who had never walked. 9 This man heard Paul speaking. Paul, observing him intently and seeing that he had faith to be healed, 10 said with a loud voice, "Stand up straight on your feet!" And he leaped and walked. 11 Now when the people saw what Paul had done, they raised their voices, saying in the Lycaonian language, "The gods have come down to us in the likeness of men!" 12 And Barnabas they called Zeus, and Paul, Hermes, because he was the chief speaker. 13 Then the priest of Zeus, whose temple was in front of their city, brought oxen and garlands to the gates, intending to sacrifice with the multitudes. 16 Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him when he saw that the city was given over to idols. 17 Therefore he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and with the Gentile worshipers, and in the marketplace daily with those who happened to be there. Then certain Epicurean and Stoic philosophers encountered him. And some said, "What does this babbler want to say?" Others said, "He seems to be a proclaimer of foreign gods," because he preached to them Jesus and the resurrection. 19 And they took him and brought him to the Areopagus, saying, "May we know what this new doctrine is of which you speak? 20 "For you are bringing some strange things to our ears. Therefore we want to know what these things mean." 21 For all the Athenians and the foreigners who were there spent their time in nothing else but either to tell or to hear some new thing.

Extreme Idolatry

Acts 14:8-20 Lystra Acts 17:18-34 Athens
14 But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard this, they tore their clothes and ran in among the multitude, crying out 15 and saying, "Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men with the same nature as you, 22 Then Paul stood in the midst of the Areopagus and said, "Men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are very religious; 23 "for as I was passing through and considering the objects of your worship, I even found an altar with this inscription: To The Unknown God.

The True God is Radically Different

Acts 14:8-20 Lystra Acts 17:18-34 Athens
15b and preach to you that you should turn from these useless things to the living God, 23b Therefore, the One whom you worship without knowing, him I proclaim to you:

Creator of All

Acts 14:8-20 Lystra Acts 17:18-34 Athens
15c who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and all things that are in them, 24 "God, who made the world and everything in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands. 25 "Nor is He worshipped with men's hands, as though He needed anything, since He gives to all life, breath, and all things.

Sovereignly in Control and Brings us Good Things

Acts 14:8-20 Lystra  Acts 17:18-34 Athens
17 "Nevertheless he did not leave himself without witness, in that he did good, gave us rain from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness." 26 "And he has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings, 27 "so that they should seek the Lord, in the hope that they might grope for him and find him, though he is not far from each one of us; 28 "for in him we live and move and have our being, as also some of your own poets have said, 'For we are also his offspring.' 29 "Therefore, since we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Divine Nature is like gold or silver or stone, something shaped by art and man's devising.

Now You have Heard, You Have a Responsibility to Respond

Acts 14:8-20 Lystra Acts 17:18-34 Athens
[16 "who in bygone generations allowed all nations to walk in their own ways. ] 30 "Truly, these times of ignorance God overlooked,

By Turning from Your Present Way of Living

Acts 14:8-20 Lystra  Acts 17:18-34 Athens 
[turn from these useless things to the living God v.15] but now commands all men everywhere to repent,
  31 "because he has appointed a day on which he will judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom he has ordained. He has given assurance of this to all by raising him from the dead."

Response

Acts 14:8-20 Lystra Acts 17:18-34 Athens
18 And with these sayings they could scarcely restrain the multitudes from sacrificing to them. 19 Then Jews from Antioch and Iconium came there; and having persuaded the multitudes, they stoned Paul and dragged him out of the city, supposing him to be dead. 20 However, when the disciples gathered around him, he rose up and went into the city. And the next day he departed with Barnabas to Derbe. 32 And when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked, while others said, "We will hear you again on this matter." 33 So Paul departed from among them. 34 However, some men joined him and believed, among them Dionysius the Areopagite, a woman named Damaris, and others with them.

We must surely do what Paul did, tear our garment when men would weave our message into the systems of thought which men have themselves devised. We must set the message of the cross into the framework into which Paul set it... the doctrines of creation, providence and the consummation of history in the final judgement [Cornelius Van-Til]